Combating micronutrient deficiencies in poor populations

Micronutrient deficiencies, frequently described as ‘hidden hunger’, are widespread in poor populations consuming diets lacking in variety and in animal products, and have numerous detrimental effects on health and development. MRC Keneba has a long history of research into the functional consequences of micronutrient deficiencies (especially vitamin A, riboflavin, folic acid, vitamin C, iron and zinc) and the most effective means of combating these effects. Our current research efforts concentrate on: optimal timing, mode of administration and functional advantages of multiple micronutrients (UNIMAP tablets and Lipid-Based Micronutrient Supplements); long-chain omega-3 PUFAs; and the challenges of safely administering iron to combat anaemia in malarious areas. The last of these has become a priority for Sub-Saharan Africa following the demonstration from a large trial in Pemba that mass iron supplementation caused an increase in serious adverse events in children. Elements of this work are described further under the section on Nutrient-Gene Interactions.

Selected studies:

• Optimal vitamin A dosing schedules
• Peri-conceptional multiple micronutrient supplementation and placental function
• Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, gut integrity and growth failure
• Chloroquine as a therapeutic option for mild post-malaria anaemia